Acne

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What is Acne

Acne is the most common reason for adolescents and adults to visit a dermatologist. According to the National Institute of Health (NIH), approximately 80% of people between the ages of 11 and 30 will experience an acne flare-up at some point. Although, most commonly, acne resolves by age 30, there are cases that may persist even into their 40s or 50s.

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Acne

Causes and Symptoms

Acne, most commonly, occurs when the pores of the skin become clogged. Each pore corresponds to a hair follicle, which includes hair and oil glands. If the gland becomes blocked, hair and oil become trapped inside it, leading to the formation of pimples.

During adolescence, overproduction of sebum due to hormonal changes leads to the appearance of acne. Also, cosmetics that are not indicated for the skin type of the individual can lead to the appearance of acne. This is because they “block” the pores of the hair follicles, resulting in the appearance of acne.

Taking medications, such as chronic cortisone intake, can also lead to the appearance of acne. Certain foods, such as high-fat foods, chocolate and alcohol, have been implicated in the development of acne.

Acne usually manifests itself in the form of cysts, papules and pustules (red pimples with white or yellow pus). Often there is intense redness at the sites of the cysts. It may also appear with black or white spots. Acne occurs mainly on the face and neck, as well as on the body, back, chest and shoulders.

Acne

Types

Depending on its type and severity, acne is divided into the following categories:

Common acne (acne during puberty)
Common acne in teenage years
Infantile acne
Phagesoric acne
Cystic Acne
Acne Fulminass
Mallorca Acne (Acne aestivalis)
Tropical Acne
Acne from Drugs
Acne from Cosmetics
Traumatic Acne in Young Women
Rosacea Acne

Acne

Treatment

A dermatologist is the best specialist to diagnose the problem of acne, check the type of acne and suggest the most appropriate treatment. The type of treatment depends on the type of acne and also on the skin of each patient.

The most common, specific treatment methods are as follows:

PDT Photodynamic Therapy
CO2 Fractional Laser
Facial Autologous Mesotherapy
Chemical Peeling
Facial Microdermoabrasion
Topical Treatment with Drugs
Systemic Treatment with Drugs
Injections directly into the lesions
Cystic Acne Treatment with surgical excision of cysts

FAQs

The following factors play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of adult female acne:

Heredity: Most common in women whose mothers suffered from acne after the age of 25.
Hormonal factors: Locally, in the sebaceous glands, testosterone is converted to dihydrotestosterone. The latter leads to seborrhoea and an increase in keratinisation, thus favouring colonisation of the hair follicle with acnes.
Use of cosmetics: Cosmetics with petrolatum and vegetable oils or cosmetics that are not suitable for the patient’s skin type may lead to the appearance of acne.
Use of medications: such as corticosteroids, antidepressants, antiepileptics, etc.
Other factors: Smoking and severe stress.

According to studies, excessive consumption of carbohydrates and fat leading to hyperinsulinemia, as well as a decrease in insulin due to the consumption of omega-3 fatty acids, are some dietary habits that seem to favor Acne. Many studies report the potential role of milk and dairy products in Acne, through an increase in blood insulin.

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory condition of the facial skin. It usually appears as a severe erythema (redness) mainly on the cheeks and nose. It may also appear on the forehead or chin, and rarely occurs on the scalp.

In addition to the redness, there may be pimples and inflammation, papules and swelling of the blood vessels in the nose and cheeks. In some cases, spider veins and itching in the area are also observed.

The Demodex folliculorum mite, which is naturally present in human skin, has been implicated in its occurrence. It is essentially a parasite, which ‘feeds’ on the hair follicles of the face.

For the treatment of rosacea, the detection of the mites in the skin must be preceded and then, the appropriate treatment should be proposed.