Melanoma

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Skin Melanoma Treatment

Today, melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and is the third most common form of skin cancer.

Melanoma

What is it?

Melanoma looks like a nevus or papule with a different morphology than usual. Its colour can vary from black, blue, dark brown or grey and in more advanced lesions it may start to swell and become thicker. Symptoms that may accompany it are itching, bleeding and epithelialisation (crusting).

Melanoma of the skin can occur at any age, with a higher incidence in people aged 40-60 years. However, in recent years there has been an increase in cases in younger people.

As the factors that favour its development are skin type and exposure to sunlight, people with fair skin, freckles, nevus, a family history of melanoma and people who are frequently exposed to the sun or have received radiation therapy are at increased risk of developing it.

The incidence of melanoma is particularly high in countries with increased solar radiation, such as Greece. Often, melanoma occurs in people with immunodeficiency or people who have undergone chemotherapy.

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Melanoma

A B C D E Rule

In the early stages of melanoma, there are 5 signs that can help diagnose it early. The “golden” rule of self-examination or the “ABCDE” rule is based on the following characteristics:

  • A

    Αsymmetry

  • B

    Border

  • C

    Color

  • D

    Diameter

  • E

    Evolution/Elevation

Melanoma

Diagnosis

Clinically suspicious signs of melanoma are the following:

  • Change in shape, colour and/or size of a lesion
  • Asymmetry or abnormal boundaries of the area
  • Bleeding or crusting
  • Change in colour or appearance of several colours within a single nevus
  • Area diameter greater than 6mm
  • Existence of an overgrown area on a previously flat nevus
  • Ulceration and itching may indicate malignant exudation

Due to the aggressiveness and rapid growth of this neoplasm, it is very important to detect it as soon as possible. For this reason, moles (olives) should be examined by a qualified Dermatologist at least once a year and he will judge whether Dermoscopy or Mole Mapping is required, in order to have a detailed follow-up.

Melanoma can be diagnosed by removing part or all of the skin lesion and examining its cells under a microscope (biopsy). Often the histological differential diagnosis of the lesion requires immunohistochemistry with special stains applied by the pathologist to distinguish the neoplastic cells. Histological examination is the basis for the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma.

Melanoma

Treatment

If melanoma is suspected, the lesion should be removed surgically, in its entirety and as soon as possible, and a biopsy (microscopic examination) should be performed. These lesions should not be treated with laser or other methods (e.g. transthermal coagulation or cryotherapy) because this destroys the tissue and valuable information for the diagnosis of the neoplasm, its depth and staging is lost.

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